The device has an operating system preinstalled and licensed. No separate purchase is necessary and the product is ready to use. The device includes free software updates for the life of the product or a minimum of 5 years starting from date of purchase..
A byte is 8 bits. One megabyte per second is equal to 8 megabits per second. To get Mbps from MBps, multiply by eight. To see MBps, take the Mbps, and divide by eight or multiply by 0.125. People can find out roughly how long a large file will take to download if they take its size in megabytes, multiply by eight and then divide by their internet speed in Mbps.
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Mbps is usually used to show the maximum possible speed of a network. Users will typically see it used for internet speed from an internet service provider (ISP) and network speed for Wi-Fi connections. MBps is typically used to show the actual transfer speed over a network -- for example, the download speed of a game or file or when transferring files on a computer. There is no hard-and-fast rule for what uses Mbps and what uses MBps, though.
The difference between megabits per second and megabytes per second is why you may see different numbers between your internet speed and actual download speeds. Suppose an internet connection is rated for 100 Mbps. The fastest file download speed is usually about 12 MBps. This is because 100 Mbps divided by 8 bits in a byte is 12.5 MBps and, in real-world applications due to overhead, a network will never be able to fully reach its maximum potential.
Internet providers will tell users the maximum speed of the connection in megabits per second. This is usually expressed as two numbers with download speed/upload speed. For example, 100 Mbps/20 Mbps -- i.e., 100 Mbps download and 20 Mbps upload.
For most home uses, 100 Mbps to 200 Mbps is sufficient. This enables a few people to use the internet at the same time, while leaving some room to grow. If there are many people in the home sharing the same internet or users are doing high-bandwidth tasks, like uploading and downloading large files or streaming 4K video, then a faster connection is required. Some ISPs offer gigabit internet, which is 1,000 megabits per second, or 1 gigabit per second (Gbps).
Many CT and fluoroscopic modalities store dose reports in the form of DICOM bitmap images when closing the examination. These are primarily intended as readable documents, not for data transfer to a DMS system. Depending on the manufacturer and software version, relevant information such as the reference phantom may also be missing. However, many DMS offer data extraction from these images by means of OCR recognition. Anyway, errors in an OCR process cannot be neglected. Similar to MPPS data, this is an older concept and should only be used for modalities that do not support RDSR.
On the other hand, with newer devices, the dose can be substantially below national DRLs, particularly if they were not updated for a longer time, and it should be possible to use other values for checking the level of radiation exposure. If the DMS detects abnormal values, the MPE or radiation protection officer should be informed; this could be, e.g. in the form of an email or message on the computer used. A control as to whether violations have occurred should be carried out frequently, optimally every working day. For this, it is helpful that the DMS has an appropriate information tool that can quickly call up this information. Depending on the form of the overrun, immediate measures may be necessary and must be implemented. Since the exposure parameters used are also stored in the DMS, this information can also be used to monitor changes in examination parameters. With changes, e.g. the tube voltage, the DMS can inform the MPE or the radiation protection officer about this, so that he can check the problem. This is necessary because, e.g. in the case of software updates on the part of the manufacturer or by user intervention, undesirable changes to the examination protocols and parameters can take place. This possibility of monitoring and thus optimising radiation protection is possible for the first time without much time and should be used accordingly. In addition to monitoring changes, it is also possible to compare the device parameters used for identical types of examination and can be used to better optimise and standardise the examination techniques and the exposure to radiation that they involve. Statistics on the examination protocols used make it possible to identify any duplicate protocols that may occur for individual examination types and to summarise and standardise them.
A DMS must provide translation tables or other software tools to map local procedure or protocol names into a standardised nomenclature. This is necessary for comparison with national or local DRLs, other trigger levels and for benchmarking different modalities or institutions. Without these translation tables, the data may be restricted to procedures of one institution and one modality.
The Conquest DICOM software was written by Marcel van Herk and Lambert Zijp at the Netherlands Cancer Institute.We have decided to provide our extended DICOM software also to the public domain. It is now maintained by Marcel van Herk at the University of Manchester.Please check our FORUM (kindly hosted by the K-PACS team).Some possible applications of the Conquest DICOM software are:DICOM training and testingDemonstration and research image archivesImage format conversion from a scanner with DICOM network accessDICOM image viewing and slide makingDICOM image selection, (limited) editing, and splitting and merging of seriesAdvanced scriptable image modification, filtering, forwarding and conversionDICOM caching and archive mergingDICOM web access for viewing and data management (scriptable)Connects to Lua IDE for all sorts of DICOM manipulation 2ff7e9595c
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